A simulation experiment was conducted to examine hand contamination from wiping the buttocks after the use and non-use of an electric toilet seat with water spray. A model of the buttocks was smeared with artificial diarrheal feces containing Serratia marcescens, and wiped by the participants wearing disposable gloves with 4 sheets of toilet paper after the use and non-use of the water spray of an electric toilet seat. Subsequently, the presence of S. marcescens on the surface of the gloves was quantified. After using the water spray, the mean count±standard deviation of S. marcescens was 0.067±0.249 colony-forming units (cfu)/glove, and it was 4,275±6,069 cfu/glove when water spray was not used. The cfu of S. marcescens was significantly lower when the water spray was used (p<0.00001) prior to wiping the artificial diarrheal feces. This result supports the effectiveness of water spray to prevent defecation-related hand contamination.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.515 | DOI Listing |
Drug Dev Ind Pharm
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
Introduction: Liquisolid (LS) technology is particularly advantageous for poorly water-soluble drugs administered in very low doses because of the improved dissolution rate and superior content uniformity. However, there is a lack of research papers describing the application of this concept on an industrial scale. Thus, we present trials conducted to develop tablets containing 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) represent an innovative approach to improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, addressing significant challenges associated with oral drug delivery. This review highlights the advancements and applications of SEDDS, including their transition from liquid to solid forms, while addressing the formulation strategies, characterization techniques, and future prospects in pharmaceutical sciences. The review systematically analyzes existing studies on SEDDS, focusing on their classification into liquid and solid forms and their preparation methods, including spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, and adsorption onto carriers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
There is a growing need for sustainable, efficient methods to promote plant growth and protect crops, with plant extracts offering natural, multi-component solutions. Based on previous observations, , , and were selected from 17 water extracts to investigate how the application times of soil sprays affect the antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites in fruity and leafy vegetables at different growth stages. From 1 week after sowing (WAS) to 4 WAS, all applications increased the shoot fresh weight by 42-69% in cucumbers, 40-64% in tomatoes, 46-65% in kale and 42-63% in lettuce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
Precision pesticide application mainly relies on canopy volume, resulting in varied application effectiveness across different density areas of orchard trees. This study examined pesticide application effectiveness based on the spray wind, canopy volume, and leaf area within the canopy, providing variable bases for precise regulation of spray wind and pesticide dosage. The study addresses the knowledge gap by utilizing laser detection and ranging (LiDAR) to measure the thickness and leaf area of orchard tree canopies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
Shandong Key Laboratory for Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
Exogenous plant hormones regulate the agronomic and physiological performance of plants and thus can influence the abundance of insect groups. We surveyed the arthropods on flowering plants and found that the abundance of natural enemies and in the plots treated with salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) was significantly increased compared with those in the clean water (control) plots. Then, we investigated the effects of spraying SA, IAA, and clean water on the population parameters of reared on Our results from the age-stage, two-sex life table analysis revealed a significantly shorter pre-adult duration for aphids reared on SA-treated compared to those reared on the other two treatments.
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