Short-term metabolic control and sleep in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine sleep in T1D children and in healthy controls by polysomnographic (PSG) examination and to determine the influence of short-term metabolic compensation on sleep quality and sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study included 44 T1D subjects and 60 healthy controls, aged 10-19 years. Subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, laboratory testing and standard overnight in-laboratory video polysomnography with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Results: No significant differences were found in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, percentage of sleep stages and respiratory parameters between T1D and healthy group. T1D children with more optimal short-term metabolic control (AvgSG < 10 mmol/l, n = 18) had a significantly lower apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (0.3(0-0.5) vs. 0.6 (0.2-0.9) events/h, p < 0.05)and respiratory arousal index (0(0-0,1) vs. 0.2(0-0.3)), p < 0.01) compared to children with suboptimal short-term control(n = 26), no significant differences were found in parameters of sleep architecture. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was diagnosed in only one T1D patient, nine T1D children had mild central apnea.

Conclusions: There may be an association between short-term metabolic compensation and SDB in T1D children without chronic complications, obesity or overweight and hypoglycemia. Further research is needed to confirm this result.