First report of the presence of L1014S Knockdown-resistance mutation in and from Togo, West Africa.

To optimize the success of insecticide-based malaria control intervention, knowledge of the distribution of species and insecticide resistance mechanisms is necessary. This paper reported an updated data on pyrethroids/DDT resistance in the population from Togo.  From December 2013 to April 2015, females of indoor-resting were captured in three locations belonging to three different ecological zones. Resistance to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin was screened in F1 progeny of collected mosquitoes using WHO susceptibility tests. The identification of species of complex and the detection of and allele were carried out using DNA-based molecular techniques. from Kovié and Nangbéto were highly resistant to DDT and permethrin with mortalities rate ranging from 0.83% to 1.58% for DDT and zero to 8.54% for permethrin. Mosquitoes collected in Nangbéto displayed 81.53% mortality with deltamethrin. and s.s were found in sympatry in Nangbéto and Mango The allelic frequency of L1014F was high, ranging from 66 to 100% in both and . For the first time we detected the L1014S allele in both and from Togo at the frequency ranging from 5% to 13% in all the sites. The N1575Y was present at various frequencies in both species ranging from 10% to 45%. Both and shared the mutation in all investigated sites with allelic frequency ranging from 4% to 16%. These results showed that multiple mutations are involved in insecticides resistance in populations from Togo including the kdr L1014F, L1014S, and N1575Y and G119S mutations.