Observational studies are common research strategies in hand surgery. The case-cohort design offers an efficient and resource-friendly method for risk assessment and outcomes analysis. Case-cohorts remain underrepresented in upper extremity research despite several practical and economic advantages over case-control studies. This report outlines the purpose, utility, and structure of the case-cohort design and offers a sample research question to demonstrate its value to risk estimation for adverse surgical outcomes. The application of well-designed case-cohort studies is advocated in an effort to improve the quality and quantity of observational research evidence in hand and upper extremity surgery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.03.013 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Res Protoc
December 2024
HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa, there is paucity of data on SARS-CoV-2 infections among children attending school, including seroprevalence and transmission dynamics.
Objective: This pilot study aims to assess (1) the prevalence of self-reported or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 prior infections, COVID-19 symptoms (including long COVID), seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and general/mental health, (2) longitudinal changes in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and (3) SARS-CoV-2 acute infections, immune responses, transmission dynamics, and symptomatic versus asymptomatic contacts in a unique cohort of unvaccinated primary school learners, their parents, teachers, and close contacts in semirural primary school settings.
Methods: Learners (grades 1-7) from primary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, their parents, and teachers will be invited to enroll into the COVID kids school study (CoKiDSS).
Cardiovasc Diabetol
December 2024
Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica of Chile, Diagonal Paraguay #362, Santiago, Chile.
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a worldwide pandemic. While ceramides may serve as intermediary between obesity-related lipotoxicity and T2D, the relationship with simple glycosphingolipids remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to characterize the associations between blood glycosphingolipid and ceramide species with T2D and to identify a circulating sphingolipid profile that could serve as novel biomarker for T2D risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Genom Med
December 2024
Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
The NRXN1 locus is a hotspot for non-recurrent copy number variants and exon-disrupting NRXN1 deletions have been associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in case-control studies. However, corresponding population-based estimates of prevalence and disease-associated risk are currently lacking. Also, most studies have not differentiated between deletions affecting exons of different NRXN1 splice variants nor considered intronic deletions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J
December 2024
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Background And Aims: Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate of a composite clinical CVD event.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
November 2024
Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
Background/objectives: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalisations worldwide. Micronutrient deficiencies may influence CAP risk and severity, but their impact on CAP outcomes remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of multivitamin use on hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day readmissions in hospitalised CAP patients.
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