Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) associated with macular edema and to correlate OCTA findings with conventional multimodal imaging.
Methods: The clinical course, conventional multimodal imaging findings including fundus color photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), fluorescein angiography (Heidelberg Engineering), and OCTA (Optovue, Inc, Freemont, CA) findings at baseline and during the follow-up of two eyes (two patients) with symptomatic RAM associated with macular edema were documented.
Results: Two eyes of 2 patients, both women, aged 82 and 46 years, which presented with progressive visual decline, were included. On conventional multimodal imaging, exudative RAM with macular edema and lipid exudation were visible in both included eyes. On OCTA, the flow in the two RAM was detected at baseline. Case 1 was treated by focal laser photocoagulation. One month after treatment, fluorescein angiography showed RAM occlusion. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed a RAM and retinal thinning and a decreased central foveal thickness, resulting in visual acuity improvement. On OCTA, no flow was detectable in the RAM at 1-month follow-up. Case 2 was not treated at baseline. In this eye, no flow was detected on OCTA at 2-month follow-up. This suggests a spontaneous occlusion, which was confirmed by fluorescein angiography.
Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography is able to detect the presence or absence of flow signal within RAMs, which may both decrease the need for dye angiography in selected cases with exudative RAM and help in treatment decision making.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000000741 | DOI Listing |
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