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A Small Intestinal Helminth Infection Alters Colonic Mucus and Shapes the Colonic Mucus Microbiome.
Int J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Medicine, University of Otago, 23A Mein St., Newtown, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.
Infecting humans with controlled doses of small intestinal helminths, such as human hookworm, is proposed as a therapy for the colonic inflammatory disease ulcerative colitis. Strengthening the colonic mucus barrier is a potential mechanism by which small intestinal helminths could treat ulcerative colitis. In this study, we compare C57BL/6 mice infected with the small intestinal helminth and uninfected controls to investigate changes in colonic mucus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion.
Sci Rep
June 2023
MediCheck Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, 07649, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a growing health concern in Cambodia, particularly in the central and southeastern regions, but its impact in northern areas near Laos is not well understood.
- A study conducted on 1,101 individuals across 10 villages in Preah Vihear and Stung Treng used fecal examinations to assess the prevalence of this infection, with an egg positivity rate of around 65% in both provinces.
- The research found a significant presence of adult O. viverrini flukes, with a total of 315 specimens collected, indicating that these provinces are highly endemic for this parasitic infection, along with some instances of mixed infections with other helminths.
Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths following sustained implementation of routine preventive chemotherapy: Demographics and baseline results of a cluster randomised trial in southern Malawi.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
May 2021
Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Malawi has successfully leveraged multiple delivery platforms to scale-up and sustain the implementation of preventive chemotherapy (PCT) for the control of morbidity caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Sentinel monitoring demonstrates this strategy has been successful in reducing STH infection in school-age children, although our understanding of the contemporary epidemiological profile of STH across the broader community remains limited. As part of a multi-site trial evaluating the feasibility of interrupting STH transmission across three countries, this study aimed to describe the baseline demographics and the prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of STH infection in Mangochi district, southern Malawi.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHarnessing helminth-driven immunoregulation in the search for novel therapeutic modalities.
PLoS Pathog
May 2020
Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
Parasitic helminths have coevolved with humans over millennia, intricately refining and developing an array of mechanisms to suppress or skew the host's immune system, thereby promoting their long-term survival. Some helminths, such as hookworms, cause little to no overt pathology when present in modest numbers and may even confer benefits to their human host. To exploit this evolutionary phenomenon, clinical trials of human helminth infection have been established and assessed for safety and efficacy for a range of immune dysfunction diseases and have yielded mixed outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA prevalence survey of enteral parasites in preschool children in the Mangochi District of Malawi.
BMC Infect Dis
October 2019
Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Background: Helminthic and protozoan infections are common, particularly in low- or middle-income countries. Although an association between parasite carriage and markers of poor growth have been shown in some studies, systematic reviews have suggested only a modest impact of clearing carriage. The prevalence of these pathogens and the effect that they have on growth in preschool children has never been investigated in Malawi.
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