Chlamydia Retesting Among Safety-Net Clinic Patients: Infertility Prevention Project.

Background: Due to high reinfection rates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend retesting everyone diagnosed with chlamydia after treatment. However, retesting rates are often low, and research on retesting is limited.

Methods: Infertility Prevention Project (IPP) was a national chlamydia screening and treatment project in the United States. We completed a retrospective longitudinal analysis using IPP testing data from 8,266 women with at least 1 positive test result from 2010 to 2013. We calculated the proportion of women retested 2-12 months after a chlamydia diagnosis and used Cox proportional hazards models to explore associated factors.

Results: Only 32% of women had evidence of retesting by 12 months of follow-up. Being younger (multivariate hazard ratio [mHR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-0.96), black (mHR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12-1.50), or attending a county sexually transmitted diseases (STD; mHR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.68-2.17), county family planning (mHR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.39-1.69), or school-based (mHR: 2.34; 95% CI: 2.07-2.65) clinic relative to a nonprofit community health clinic were associated with increased retesting rates.

Conclusions: Less than one-third of women are retested. Our results show that some clinic settings may have systematic differences which facilitate retesting, such as use of automated reminders, closed patient populations, and makeup of patient populations. Investigation of clinical environments through site visits and further data analyses may be keys to improving retesting rates.