Research regarding noninvasive brain stimulation technologies for the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and mixed (mTBI/PTSD) trauma syndromes has been increasing exponentially. Technologies with the greatest potential thus far include repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES). The nature and some of the controversies distinguishing mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI/PTSD are reviewed along with evidence for shared underlying mechanisms. An overview of treatment applications for rTMS, tDCS, and CES are also reviewed. A novel variant of a minute pulsed electromagnetic stimulation technology linked to ongoing electroencephalograph monitoring known as the Flexyx Neurotherapy System is introduced with an overview of the technology and technique, as well as a summary of supportive data to date that explores potential applications for amelioration of these syndromes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690X18770136 | DOI Listing |
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