Chronic alcohol use induces adaptations and toxicity that can induce symptoms of anxiety, autonomic hyperarousal, and epileptic seizures when alcohol is removed (withdrawal syndrome). Zebrafish has recently gained wide attention as a behavioral model to study the neurobehavioral effects of acute and chronic alcohol use, including withdrawal. The literature, however, is very contradictory on findings regarding withdrawal effects, with some studies reporting increased anxiety, while others report no effect. A meta-analytic approach was taken to find the sources of this heterogeneity, and ethanol concentration during exposure and exposure duration were found to be the main sources of variation. A conceptual replication was also made using continuous exposure for 16 days in waterborne ethanol (0.5%) and assessing anxiety-like behavior in the light/dark test after 60 min withdrawal. Withdrawal was shown to reduce preference for darkness, consistent with decreased anxiety, but to increase risk assessment, consistent with increased anxiety. Animals were also subjected to the withdrawal protocol and injected with pilocarpine in a sub-convulsive dose to assess susceptibility to epileptic seizure-like behavior. The protocol was sufficient to increase susceptibility to epileptic seizure-like behavior in animals exposed to ethanol. Finally, withdrawal also decreased catalase activity in the brain, but not in the head kidney, suggesting mechanisms associated with the behavioral effects of ethanol withdrawal.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2018.04.006 | DOI Listing |
Stress Health
February 2025
Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
College students use substances for varied reasons, including to cope with stress. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) regulates bodily functions to promote energy conservation (the 'rest and digest' response), and individuals differ in their physiological sensitivity to challenge. It remains unclear whether greater PNS responses (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDialogues Clin Neurosci
December 2025
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Introduction: Depression includes different phenotypes. Modern-type depression (MTD) is a gateway disorder to pathological social withdrawal, known as hikikomori. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are also important aetiologies of depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
January 2025
Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
In this work, we show two synthetic routes to substitute the N position of mesoionic imines (MIIs). By Buchwald-Hartwig amination, 5-amino-1,2,3-triazoles can be arylated at the said position, showing the versatility of amino-triazoles as building blocks for MIIs. The reaction of MIIs with electrophiles (MeI, fluoro-arenes) highlights the nucleophilic nature of MIIs as even at room temperature aromatic C-F bonds can be activated with MIIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
January 2025
Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
Nitroarenes are highly versatile building blocks in organic synthesis, playing a pivotal role in various reactions. Common transformations involving nitroarenes include nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SAr) reactions, where the nitro group functions both as a potent electron-withdrawing group that activates the aromatic ring and as a leaving group facilitating the substitution. Additionally, the direct transformation of nitro groups, such as reduction-driven syntheses of amines and carboxylic acids, as well as -substitution SAr reactions, have been extensively explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
January 2025
Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
Introduction: Post-translational modifications of proteins provide cellular physiology with a broad range of adaptability to the external environment flexibly and rapidly. In the case of the protozoan parasite , the study of these modifications has gained relevance in recent years, mainly focusing on methylation and deacetylation of proteins. This study investigates the significance of acetylation in this protozoan parasite.
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