Objective: Although Guinea-Bissau has the world's highest prevalence of HIV-2, it has been decreasing since 1987. Meanwhile, the prevalence of HIV-1 has been increasing. We describe both the prevalence and changes in incidence of HIV-2 and HIV-1 during the last 30 years of observation in the capital Bissau in Guinea-Bissau.
Methods: A total of 3125 adults living in 412 houses in Bissau were eligible for inclusion in the present cross-sectional survey conducted from November 2014 to February 2016. All participants had a questionnaire filled out and a blood sample taken. Results were compared with previous surveys.
Results: Of the 3125 eligible adults, 2601 (83.2%) individuals participated. The overall prevalence of HIV decreased from 8.6% (218/2548) in 2006 to 6.7% (173/2601) in 2016 with an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.85]. Including HIV-1/2 dual infections, a decrease in the overall prevalence of HIV-2 from 4.4% (112/2548) to 2.8% (72/2601) was observed with an aPR of 0.55 (95% CI = 0.41-0.73). The overall prevalence of HIV-1 decreased from 4.6% (118/2548) to 4% (104/2601) with an aPR of 0.81 (95% CI = 0.63-1.05). Incidence rates for HIV-2 and HIV-1, estimated for 815 individuals, decreased from 0.24 to 0.09 and from 0.50 to 0.40 per 100 person-years of observation, respectively, in the periods between 1996-2006 and 2006-2016.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas the prevalence of HIV-1 showed sign of stabilization. The results observed may be explained by a lower pathogenicity of HIV-2 and changes in risk behavior.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001827 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
HIV-2 drug resistance genotyping and viral load among HIV-2 infected adults in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
November 2024
Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
HIV-2 infection although less virulent compared to HIV-1 is endemic in many parts of West Africa. In Burkina Faso, few data exist on HIV-2 genotypic resistance. The objective of this study was to assess HIV-2 genotypic resistance and viral load in adult patients infected with HIV-2 in Burkina Faso.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegration of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services for pregnant and breastfeeding women in eight primary care clinics: results of an implementation science study.
BMC Glob Public Health
August 2024
Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: Although HIV vertical transmission has declined significantly in sub-Saharan Africa, incident HIV infection in pregnant and postpartum women is estimated to account for over one-third of HIV vertical transmission. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for pregnant and breastfeeding women (PBFW) is included in South African PrEP guidelines since 2021; however, integration of PrEP services within ante- and postnatal care remains limited.
Methods: Between March 2022 and September 2023, we evaluated the integration of PrEP for PBFW in eight antenatal clinics in Cape Town, South Africa, following training and mentorship of providers.
Exploring the Perspectives of Older Adults Living With HIV on Virtual Care: Qualitative Study.
JMIR Aging
December 2024
Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: As the population of individuals with HIV ages rapidly due to advancements in antiretroviral therapy, virtual care has become an increasingly vital component in managing their complex health needs. However, little is known about perceptions of virtual care among older adults living with HIV.
Objective: This study aimed to understand the perceptions of older adults living with HIV regarding virtual care.
Development and characterization of high-affinity aptamers for HIV protease detection.
Heliyon
November 2024
HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28034, Spain.
Background: There are 39 million people infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 1.3 million new annually infections with more than 150 variants circulating. Early HIV detection is crucial for timely antiretroviral therapy and transmission prevention, but no technique can detect HIV before 10 days of infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Contribution of Noncommunicable and Infectious Diseases to the Effect of Depression on Mortality: A Longitudinal Causal Mediation Analysis.
Epidemiology
January 2025
From the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Background: The increased prevalence of physical diseases among individuals with mental illness contributes to their increased risk of mortality. However, the mediating role of specific diseases in the effect of mental illness on mortality is not well understood.
Method: We conducted a longitudinal causal mediation analysis using data from beneficiaries of a South African medical insurance scheme from 2011 to 2020.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!