The formation of aerobic granular sludge was carried out in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for tapioca processing wastewater treatment. The effect of organic loading rates (OLRs) in the range of 2.5-10.0 kg COD m day on the granulation was investigated. The size and settleability of the aerobic granular sludge increased with increasing OLR from 2.5 to 7.5 kg COD m day. The mature granules had an average size of 2.5 mm and good settleability with the sludge volume index (SVI) lower than 50 mL g. The granules had a layered structure consisting of anoxic sludge core with nematodes and an outer aerobic layer surrounded by stalked ciliates. Removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH-N reached 90.0%-93.0% and 86.6%-92.5%, respectively. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification at the OLR of 7.5 kg COD m day resulted in the improvement of total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency to 66.1%.
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