Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkey.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-born parasitic disease characterized by various skin lesions that cause disfiguration if healed spontaneously. Although CL has been endemic for many years in the southern regions of Turkey, an increasing incidence in nonendemic regions is being observed due to returning travelers and, more recently, due to Syrian refugees. Thus far, a limited number of national guidelines have been proposed, but no common Turkish consensus has emerged.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for the management of CL in Turkey.

Methods: This guideline is a consensus text prepared by 18 experienced CL specialists who have been working for many years in areas where the disease is endemic. The Delphi method was used to determine expert group consensus. Initially, a comprehensive list of items about CL was identified, and consensus was built from feedback provided by expert participants from the preceding rounds.

Results: Evidence-based and expert-based recommendations through diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms according to local availability and conditions are outlined.

Conclusion: Because CL can mimic many other skin diseases, early diagnosis and early treatment are very important to prevent complications and spread of the disease. The fastest and easiest diagnostic method is the leishmanial smear. The most common treatment is the use of local or systemic pentavalent antimony compounds.