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Role of Probiotics in Depression: Connecting Dots of Gut-Brain-Axis Through Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis and Tryptophan/Kynurenic Pathway involving Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.
Mol Neurobiol
January 2025
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484 887, MP, India.
Depression is one of the most disabling mental disorders worldwide and characterized by symptoms including worthlessness, anhedonia, sleep, and appetite disturbances. Recently, studies have suggested that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a key role in depressed mood through serotonin and kynurenine pathway involving enzyme tryptophan 5-monooxygenase (TPH) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) respectively. Moreover, during neuroinflammation, IDO is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and affects neurogenesis, cognition, disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and gut homeostasis by altering the gut bacteria and its metabolites like Trp derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMung bean-derived carbon dots suppress ferroptosis of Schwann cells the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway to promote peripheral nerve repair.
Biomater Sci
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Schwann cells (SCs) can potentially transform into the repair-related cell phenotype after injury, which can promote nerve repair. Ferroptosis occurs in the SCs of injured tissues, causing damage to the SCs and exacerbating nerve injury. Targeting ferroptosis in SCs is a promising therapeutic strategy for effective repair; however, research on ferroptosis in the peripheral nervous system remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConnecting the dots: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and serrated polyps in the appendix.
Am J Clin Pathol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) and serrated polyps (SPs) of the appendix, both characterized by KRAS mutations and overlapping morphologic features.
Methods: We analyzed 27 cases of LAMN and 24 cases of SP from archival records, reviewed pathology, and performed molecular analysis on select cases. Four cases initially diagnosed as LAMN were excluded for not meeting diagnostic criteria, and 1 SP case was reclassified as LAMN.
Connecting dots: Preclinical foundations to clinical realities of PDE4 inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease.
Inflammopharmacology
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive and age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, is primarily characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Despite advances in targeting Aβ-mediated neuronal damage with anti-Aβ antibodies, these treatments provide only symptomatic relief and fail to address the multifactorial pathology of the disease. This necessitates the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches and a deeper understanding of molecular signaling mechanisms underlying AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetic Fingerprint-like Unclonable Optical Anticounterfeiting System with Selectively In Situ-Synthesized Perovskite Quantum Dots Embedded in Spontaneous-Phase-Separated Polymers.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
Anticounterfeiting technologies meet challenges in the Internet of Things era due to the rapidly growing volume of objects, their frequent connection with humans, and the accelerated advance of counterfeiting/cracking techniques. Here, we, inspired by biological fingerprints, present a simple anticounterfeiting system based on perovskite quantum dot (PQD) fingerprint physical unclonable function (FPUF) by cooperatively utilizing the spontaneous-phase separation of polymers and selective in situ synthesis PQDs as an entropy source. The FPUFs offer red, green, and blue full-color fingerprint identifiers and random three-dimensional (3D) morphology, which extends binary to multivalued encoding by tuning the perovskite and polymer components, enabling a high encoding capacity (about 10, far surpassing that of biometric fingerprints).
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