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Childhood nephroblastoma in Southern and Eastern Europe and the US: Incidence variations and temporal trends by human development index. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study compares nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) incidence rates among children in 12 Southern and Eastern European countries with data from the USA, taking into account the human development index (HDI).
  • - Analyzing 1776 cases from SEE registries and 2260 from the SEER database, the overall incidence was slightly higher in SEE regions, with a significant increase only in Belarus and most cases diagnosed before age five.
  • - The findings suggest a link between higher HDI and increased nephroblastoma incidence, along with changing male-to-female ratios as children age, indicating potential environmental and genetic factors that merit further exploration.

Article Abstract

Background: Despite advances in the management of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor, WT), the etiology of the tumor remains obscure. We aimed to compare nephroblastoma incidence rates and time trends among children (0-14 years) in 12 Southern and Eastern European (SEE) countries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER), USA, in relation to the human development index (HDI).

Methods: In total 1776 WT cases were recorded in 13 SEE collaborating registries (circa 1990-2016), whereas data on 2260 cases (1990-2012) were extracted from the SEER database. Age-standardized incidence rates (AIRs) were calculated and correlated with HDI, whereas temporal trends were evaluated using Poisson regression and Joinpoint analyses.

Results: The overall SEE AIR (9.2/10) was marginally higher than that of the SEER (8.3/10), whereas significant differences were noted among the 13 SEE registries which comprised mainly Caucasian populations. A statistically significant temporal increase in incidence was noted only in Belarus. Most cases (∼75%) were diagnosed before the fifth year of life, with rates steadily declining thereafter; median age at diagnosis was similar in SEE countries and SEER. A slight male preponderance in the first year of life (male:female = 1.1) was followed by a female preponderance in the older age groups (male:female = 0.7). Lastly, a statistically significant positive association between higher HDI and increasing nephroblastoma incidence was noted (regression coefficient: +3.25, 95%CI: +1.35, +5.15).

Conclusions: Variations in incidence and time trends across the examined registries, changing male-to-female patterns with advancement in age, and positive associations with the HDI imply a plausible role for environmental and genetic factors in disease etiology, and these need to be explored further.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2018.03.012DOI Listing

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