Probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium alleviates systemic adiposity and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats through Gpr109a and the commensal metabolite butyrate.

Aims: The study explored the systemic adiposity and inflammation through Gpr109a and the commensal metabolite butyrate during the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats with the probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium for 16 weeks.

Methods: Fifteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups of five rats each: normal control group (basal feed), high-fat diet (HFD) feeding group (83% basal feed + 10% lard oil + 5% sucrose + 1.5% cholesterol + 0.5% cholate), and probiotic mixture intervention group (HFD + 0.6 g kg day probiotic mixture). Body composition, serum lipids, serum inflammatory markers, Gpr109a, and the commensal metabolite butyrate were assessed.

Results: Compared with HFD group, probiotic mixture significantly reduced body weight and the levels of serum FFA, TG, ALT, IL-1β, and IL-18 (P < 0.05). The levels of Gpr109a and the commensal metabolite butyrate also changed significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Probiotic mixture might inhibit systemic adiposity and inflammation through Gpr109a and the commensal metabolite butyrate in response to the insult of HFD.