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Going 'meta': a systematic review of metacognition and functional neurological disorder.
Brain Commun
January 2025
Neurosciences and Cell Biology Research Institute, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
In functional neurological disorder (FND), there is a fundamental disconnect between an apparently intact nervous system and the individuals' ability to consistently perform motor actions, perceive sensory signals and/or access effective cognition. Metacognition, the capacity to self-evaluate cognitive performance, appears highly relevant to FND pathophysiology. Poor metacognition is a potential mechanism via which abnormal models of self and the state of the world could arise and persist unchecked.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Men who have sex with men negotiating pleasure and prevention through HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis].
Cien Saude Colet
January 2025
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2º andar, sala 2216, Cerqueira Cesar. 01246-903 São Paulo SP Brasil.
Prophylaxis based on antiretrovirals, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis to HIV (PrEP), has the potential to protect the populations most vulnerable to infection, which renews optimism for controlling the HIV epidemic. Against this backdrop, the aim of this article is to analyze the perceptions, negotiations and tensions surrounding the use of PrEP by men who have sex with men (MSM). This is a qualitative cross-section of a multicenter study, analyzing semi-structured interviews with 18 users of specialized HIV/AIDS healthcare facilities in the city of São Paulo/SP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFManagement of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a review for clinicians.
Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
January 2025
Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive liver malignancy that arises from second-order biliary epithelial cells. Its incidence is gradually increasing worldwide. Well-known risk factors have been described, although in many cases, they are not identifiable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe contributions of language and inhibitory control to false belief reasoning over time.
Front Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA, United States.
Introduction: The role of language in false belief reasoning has been much debated for twenty-five years or more, especially the relative contributions of general language development, complement syntax, vocabulary, and executive function. However, the empirical studies so far have fallen short, in that they generally have too few participants for adequate statistical modeling; they do not include control variables; or they are cross-sectional rather than longitudinal, making inferences about causal direction much more tenuous.
Methods: The present study considers the role of these different variables in the development of false belief reasoning over several months of testing, with 258 children aged three to five years.
Global Perspectives on Returning Genetic Research Results in Parkinson Disease.
Neurol Genet
December 2024
From the Division of Neurology (A.H.T., S.-Y.L.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (P.S.-A.), Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Farmacologia (A.F.S.S.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Serviço de Neurologia (A.F.S.S.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Institute of Neurogenetics (H.M., M.L.D., C.K.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Biomedical Science (A.A.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (J.S., B.F.), New York; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (C.E.W.), Indiana University, Indianapolis; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Health (M.L.D.), Metropolitan Medical Center, Manila, Philippines; Centre for Preventive Neurology (S.D., M.T.P., A.J.N.), Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.T.P.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (M.B.M.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.B.M., H.R.M.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (R.N.A.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Movement Disorders Division (R.N.A.), Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Neurology Department (K.R.K.), Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, The University of Sydney; Translational Neurogenomics Group (K.R.K.), Genomic and Inherited Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research; and St Vincent's Healthcare Campus (K.R.K.), Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
Background And Objectives: In the era of precision medicine, genetic test results have become increasingly relevant in the care of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). While large research consortia are performing widespread research genetic testing to accelerate discoveries, debate continues about whether, and to what extent, the results should be returned to patients. Ethically, it is imperative to keep participants informed, especially when findings are potentially actionable.
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