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Behavioral Plasticity in Probing by (Hemiptera, Liviidae): Ingestion from Phloem Versus Xylem is Influenced by Leaf Age and Surface. | LitMetric

Behavioral Plasticity in Probing by (Hemiptera, Liviidae): Ingestion from Phloem Versus Xylem is Influenced by Leaf Age and Surface.

J Insect Behav

1Department of Entomology & Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA.

Published: February 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • The citrus psyllid is a key pest that spreads the bacterium Liberibacter asiaticus, which causes the disease Huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus trees.
  • The transmission of the pathogen depends on the duration and conditions under which the psyllids feed, particularly their interaction with the phloem of both immature and mature leaves.
  • The study observes that psyllids feed more efficiently on immature leaves, making them a higher risk for disease spread, and highlights the importance of understanding the feeding behavior to improve insecticide effectiveness.

Article Abstract

is a major pest of citrus because it transmits Liberibacter asiaticus, a phloem-limited bacterium that putatively causes Huanglongbing (HLB). The disease moves slowly through a tree, and the vector facilitates further within-tree movement via transmission of the pathogen. However, this only happens when stylets contact the phloem, to inoculate bacteria during phloem salivation and acquire bacteria during phloem sap ingestion. Behavioral changes in associated with different plant parts would affect how long it takes to reach phloem and how long the psyllids stays in phloem to ingest, thereby influencing the risk of disease spread. feeding was recorded on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of mature and immature citrus leaves. Adults in the field can be found on these surfaces at all times of year. On abaxial surface of immature leaves, phloem salivation would occur after 11 h on average, but rarely as soon as 0.56 h. The corresponding values on mature leaves were 16 and 2.7. In general, psyllids spent more time ingesting phloem sap on immature leaves than on mature leaves. Psyllids on abaxial surfaces spent more time ingesting from phloem, though the strength of this effect was less than for immature versus mature leaves. In contrast, xylem ingestion increased on mature leaves compared with young. The biological differences that could produce this outcome are discussed. The results discussed herein are of relevance to further studies on the efficacy of an insecticide to act quickly enough to prevent pathogen transmission.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5882765PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10905-018-9666-0DOI Listing

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