This study reports the clinical and biological signs, as well as the morphological aspect and the chemical composition of the calculus during the biliary stones. The study population consisted of 31 patients with an average age of 49 years (30 women and one man) with biliary lithiasis and who had cholecystectomy. Hepatic colic and epigastralgia were the most evocative clinical signs. The calculus were pigmentary (n=6), cholesterolic and mostly single (n=18), and mixed (n=6) and one infectious multiple lithiasis. Cholesterol was found in 22 calculi (70.96%). We have found a significant increase in liver enzymes and total bilirubin, which is more pronounced in pigmentary lithiasis. Our results showed that most gallstones were composed of cholesterol. These results indicate the influence of diet and chronic hemolysis in calculus formation. More investigation should allow knowing the nutritional and environmental factors influencing gallstones formation in Tunisia, in order to prevent this disease.
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