Longitudinal cohort designs (with three or more measurement occasions) are invaluable to investigate between- and within-individual variation in outcomes. However, traditional longitudinal designs require a lengthy implementation and data collection period and impose a substantial burden on participants and investigators. We discuss alternative longitudinal designs, including planned missing data designs and retrospective cohort studies with secondary data, which require a shorter period for data accrual and reduce participant burden while maintaining statistical power. We also discuss analysis strategies to maximize data use and produce unbiased estimates of treatment effectiveness, including models for recurrent or multistate events and time-varying covariates.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2018.01.001 | DOI Listing |
Behav Res Methods
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
Following the (revised) latent state-trait theory, the present study investigates the within-subject reliability, occasion specificity, common consistency, and construct validity of cognitive control measures in an intensive longitudinal design. These indices were calculated applying dynamic structural equation modeling while accounting for autoregressive effects and trait change. In two studies, participants completed two cognitive control tasks (Stroop and go/no-go) and answered questions about goal pursuit, self-control, executive functions, and situational aspects, multiple times per day.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0251, USA.
The article is motivated by an application to the EarlyBird cohort study aiming to explore how anthropometrics and clinical and metabolic processes are associated with obesity and glucose control during childhood. There is interest in inferring the relationship between dynamically changing and high-dimensional metabolites and a longitudinal response. Important aspects of the analysis include the selection of the important set of metabolites and the accommodation of missing data in both response and covariate values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Surg Educ
December 2024
Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198.
Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the resident perspective on what makes an excellent surgical educator and to identify gaps in a single-institution-developed "Residents as Teachers" curriculum (RaTC) following the completion of the RaTC by residents at the institution.
Design: A longitudinal 8-hour RaTC was developed and administered in 1-hour sessions over 2 years. Content included interactive clinical and technical skills teaching, feedback, evaluation and assessment, and interpersonal skills.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr
December 2024
Department of Sociology, University of Minho. Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. Electronic address:
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the independent and joint effects of social exclusion in three specific domains-economic, social relations, and civic participation-on the cognitive health of middle-aged and older adults. Longitudinal studies from January 2000 to October 2023 were identified via Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, with sixty-five studies meeting inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed with Newcastle-Otawa Scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPain Med
December 2024
Department of Gynecology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
Background: Endometriosis, characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, results in chronic pelvic pain. However, lesion characteristics alone cannot fully explain the complexity of endometriosis-related pain. Pain catastrophizing, a cognitive process that influences pain perception, has traditionally been studied through cross-sectional or two-wave designs, which struggle to capture its dynamic interplay with endometriosis pain.
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