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Historical and Archaeogenomic Identification of High-Status Englishmen at Jamestown, Virginia.
Antiquity
August 2024
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Ancient DNA (aDNA) data are reported for two human skeletons buried within the chancel of the 1608-1616 church at the North American colonial settlement of Jamestown, Virginia. The men are suspected kinsmen of the colony's first Governor, Thomas West, 3 Baron De La Warr based on archaeological, osteological, and documentary evidence. Genomic analyses of these men, Sir Ferdinando Wenman and Captain William West, identify a shared mitochondrial haplogroup, H10e, inferring maternal relatedness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Leadership in a safety culture environment is essential in avoiding patient harm. However, leadership in surgery is not routinely taught or assessed. This study aims to identify a framework, metrics and tools to improve surgical leadership and safety outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPragmatic evaluation of events and benefits of lipid lowering in older adults (PREVENTABLE): Trial design and rationale.
J Am Geriatr Soc
June 2023
Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Whether initiation of statins could increase survival free of dementia and disability in adults aged ≥75 years is unknown. PREVENTABLE, a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized pragmatic clinical trial, will compare high-intensity statin therapy (atorvastatin 40 mg) with placebo in 20,000 community-dwelling adults aged ≥75 years without cardiovascular disease, disability, or dementia at baseline. Exclusion criteria include statin use in the prior year or for >5 years and inability to take a statin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo Phase 3 Trials of Inclisiran in Patients with Elevated LDL Cholesterol.
N Engl J Med
April 2020
From the Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London (K.K.R.); the Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.S.W.); the Medicines Company, Zurich, Switzerland (D.K.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, and the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm - all in Germany (W.K.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (L.A.L.); the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (F.J.R.); the Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.A.B., T.R., P.L.J.W.); Summit Analytical, Denver (M.J.), and the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.).
Background: Inclisiran inhibits hepatic synthesis of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9. Previous studies suggest that inclisiran might provide sustained reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with infrequent dosing.
Methods: We enrolled patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ORION-10 trial) and patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk equivalent (ORION-11 trial) who had elevated LDL cholesterol levels despite receiving statin therapy at the maximum tolerated dose.
Benralizumab for the Prevention of COPD Exacerbations.
N Engl J Med
September 2019
From the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.R.C.); the Institute for Lung Health, Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester (C.E.B.), the University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Hospital Trust, Manchester (D.S.), and the Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (M.B.) - all in the United Kingdom; Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona (A.A.); the Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (D.D.S.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany (C.F.V.); University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (F.C.S.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen (V.B.); Kishiwada City Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.K.); the Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City (A.R.-V.); the Division of Respiratory and Chest Medicine, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Y.-F.W.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (L.B.); and AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (V.H.S., M.J., S.O., N.M., P.N., M.G., U.J.M.).
Background: The efficacy and safety of benralizumab, an interleukin-5 receptor alpha-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody, for the prevention of exacerbations in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not known.
Methods: In the GALATHEA and TERRANOVA trials, we enrolled patients with COPD (at a ratio of approximately 2:1 on the basis of eosinophil count [≥220 per cubic millimeter vs. <220 per cubic millimeter]) who had frequent exacerbations despite receiving guideline-based inhaled treatment.
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