Immediate operation for acute type A aortic dissection complicated by visceral or peripheral malperfusion.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of visceral, renal, or peripheral malperfusion on the outcome of acute type A aortic dissection.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the acute type A aortic dissection experience at Stanford Hospital between January 2005 and December 2015. Inverse probability weighting was used to account for differences between patients who experienced malperfusion syndromes and those who did not. Weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate in-hospital mortality, and midterm survival was assessed with the restricted mean survival time and weighted Cox regression. Reintervention was assessed with death as a competing risk.

Results: There were 305 patients with type A dissection extending beyond the ascending aorta, and 82 (26.9%) presented with a malperfusion syndrome. In-hospital mortality in the malperfusion subgroup was no different compared with patients without malperfusion in weighted logistic regression, odds ratio, 1.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-3.47; P = .3). There was no difference in midterm survival using restricted mean survival time, -50.2 days (95% CI, -366.8 to 266.4; P = .8) in patients with malperfusion compared with patients without malperfusion at 8 years. Patients with malperfusion had an increased risk of interventions (12.5%) on aortic branches compared with patients without (5.7%) in weighted analysis at 10-years, hazard ratio, 3.06 (95% CI, 1.24-7.56; P = .02). The median time to reintervention on aortic branches was 2 days for patients with malperfusion compared with 230 days without malperfusion, P = .01.

Conclusions: Immediate operation for acute type A aortic dissection complicated by malperfusion is associated with good results.