Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is often seen among head injured patients from road traffic crashes or physical assault, and sometimes it is a complication of nasal surgical procedures. Intracranial tumours may also result in CSF leakage. Blood stained rhinorrhoea often occur at the time of initial insult or injury, while CSF rhinorrhea may be a delayed manifestation. However, idiopathic CSF rhinorrhoea is uncommon, and it is regarded as a diagnosis of exclusion. In this communication, we report a 54-year old woman who developed CSF rhinorrhoea with no prior history of head trauma, physical assault, neurosurgical or nasal surgery. Further clinical evaluation revealed an obese woman with a body mass index (BMI) of 31mg/m2, and a blood pressure (BP) of 140/80mmHg. Clinical tests for CSF rhinorrhoea were positive, though; nasal endoscopy and cranial CT-scan were not contributory. Conservative management resulted in remarkable relief of symptoms. However further investigations for confirmation of diagnosis were not possible due to non-availability of reagents in the laboratory as well as financial challenge.
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Surg Neurol Int
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Background: Causes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea could be divided into primary (spontaneous) and secondary (head trauma and iatrogenic). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has emerged as a cause for spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea but is still underestimated, may be overlooked and needs special consideration in management. The objective of this study is to demonstrate spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea as the primary presentation of IIH and explore the algorithm of management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive neurodegenerative disease that associates with aging and is highly prevalent in our older population (≥65 years of age). This hypothesis generating this narrative review will examine the important role for the use of sodium thiosulfate (STS) as a possible multi-targeting treatment option for LOAD. Sulfur is widely available in our environment and is responsible for forming organosulfur compounds that are known to be associated with a wide range of biological activities in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosurg Rev
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Accra Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks commonly occur due to trauma or surgical procedures. Here we review CSF leak diagnosis and management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). A systematic review of the CSF leak management in LMICs was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase and Web of Science databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi
December 2024
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai264000, China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai264000, China Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai264000, China.
To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and efficacy of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CFR) combined with aspiration pneumonia. In this case series study, a total of 8 patients diagnosed with spontaneous CFR combined with aspiration pneumonia were admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University from March 2020 to March 2022. There were 3 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 45 to 57 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
December 2024
School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Rapid diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks is critical as endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery gains global prominence. Current clinical methods such as endoscopic examination with and without intrathecal injection of fluorescent dye are invasive and rely on subjective judgment by physicians, highlighting the clinical need for label-free point-of-care (POC). However, a viable solution remains undeveloped due to the molecular complexity of CSF rhinorrhea mixed with nasal discharge and the scarcity of specific biomarkers, delaying sensor development.
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