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The Functional and Structural Succession of Mesic-Grassland Soil Microbiomes Beneath Decomposing Large Herbivore Carcasses.
Environ Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Plant detritus is abundant in grasslands but decomposes slowly and is relatively nutrient-poor, whereas animal carcasses are labile and nutrient-rich. Recent studies have demonstrated that labile nutrients from carcasses can significantly alter the long-term soil microbial function at an ecosystem scale. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the functional and structural response and temporal scale of soil microbiomes beneath large herbivore carcasses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the impact of grazing on fecal and soil microbiome dynamics in small ruminants in organic crop-livestock integration systems.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
In integrated crop-livestock systems, livestock graze on cover crops and deposit raw manure onto fields to improve soil health and fertility. However, enteric pathogens shed by grazing animals may be associated with foodborne pathogen contamination of produce influenced by fecal-soil microbial interactions. We analyzed 300 fecal samples (148 from sheep and 152 from goats) and 415 soil samples (272 from California and 143 from Minnesota) to investigate the effects of grazing and the presence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) or generic E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Volatile-Mediated Insect Ecosystem Services.
Glob Chang Biol
January 2025
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Primary and secondary atmospheric pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), ozone (O), sulphur dioxide (SO) and particulate matter (PM/PM) with associated heavy metals (HMs) and micro- and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs), have the potential to influence and alter interspecific interactions involving insects that are responsible for providing essential ecosystem services (ESs). Given that insects rely on olfactory cues for vital processes such as locating mates, food sources and oviposition sites, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of paramount importance in interactions involving insects. While gaseous pollutants reduce the lifespan of individual compounds that act as olfactory cues, gaseous and particulate pollutants can alter their biosynthesis and emission and exert a direct effect on the olfactory system of insects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, oxidative stability, meat quality, and regulatory mechanisms in Holstein steers.
J Sci Food Agric
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Background: Dietary supplementation for beef cattle, using natural plant extracts, such as oregano essential oil (OEO), has proven effective in enhancing growth performance, beef production quantity and quality, and ensuring food safety. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of OEO on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, meat quality, oxidative status, flavor compounds, and gene regulatory mechanisms in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles of beef cattle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Hoverfly Attracting Property of a Methyl Salicylate-Containing ()-β-Farnesene Analog (3e) and Potential Mechanism by Mediating the EcorOBP15 and EcorOR3.
J Agric Food Chem
January 2025
Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Using natural enemies provides a sustainable method to control major agricultural pests. Hoverflies are significant natural enemies of aphids and efficient pollinators. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), including ()-β-farnesene (EBF) and methyl salicylate (MeSA), are key olfactory cues mediating hoverflies behavior.
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