Background: Camptocormia is becoming increasingly recognized as a prominent phenomenon in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical predictors of future camptocormia in a cohort of PD patients.
Methods: A total of 263 PD patients without camptocormia were prospectively monitored for approximately 3 years. The end-point was the occurrence of camptocormia.
Results: Overall, camptocormia was observed in 23 patients (8.7%) during the study period. The following variables including the proportion of males; age; disease duration; total levodopa equivalent daily dosage; Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score; Hoehn and Yahr stage; the percentages of festination, freezing of gait and falls; and the subscores (e.g., "problems having sex") and frequencies (e.g., "forget to do things") of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale were significantly higher in patients with camptocormia compared to those variables in patients without camptocormia (P < 0.05). Patients with camptocormia showed lower "orientation" subscore of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale than patients without camptocormia (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression model indicated that the presence of camptocormia was associated with male sex (OR = 6.758, P = 0.001), a higher UPDRS III score (OR = 1.099, P = 0.001), a higher sexual dysfunction score (OR = 1.033, P = 0.038) and a lower orientation score (OR = 0.392, P = 0.018).
Conclusions: Camptocormia may emerge as PD progresses. Male patients and those with sexual dysfunction or disorientation are likely to present with camptocormia in the future.
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