In this study, the feasibility of application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) to teat wastewater containing chromium was assessed. Anammox granule activity decreased with increasing Cr(VI) concentration and pre-exposure time in batch tests, and the 50% inhibition concentration of Cr(VI) on anammox biomass was 296.5 mg L. Approximately 93.9% chromium was absorbed by loosely bound-extracellular polymeric substances and tightly bound-extracellular polymeric substances when less than 60 mg L Cr(VI) was added. During long-term operation in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, significant inhibitory effects anammox performance were observed for Cr(VI) concentrations up to 2 mg L. The nitrogen removal rate (NRR) rapidly decreased to 1.49 ± 0.89 kg N m d, whereas the NRR was 11.37 ± 1.30 kg N m d in a control reactor. Compared with initial levels, specific anammox granule activity was 22%. The tolerance of the anammox process to Cr(VI) can be enhanced after a long-term adaptive phase.
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