It is difficult to study the genetics and molecular mechanisms of anesthesia in humans. Fortunately, the genetic approaches in model organisms can, and have, led to profound insights as to the targets of anesthetics. In turn, the organization of these putative targets into meaningful pathways has begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these agents. However, it is important to first appreciate the strengths, and limitations, of genetic approaches to understand the anesthetic action. Here we compare the commonly used genetic model organisms, various anesthetic endpoints, and different modes of genetic screens. Coupled with the more specific data presented in subsequent chapters, this chapter places those results in a framework with which to analyze the discoveries across organisms and eventually extend the resulting models to humans.
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