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[Otohematoma as manifestation of auricular arteriovenous malformation].
Vestn Otorinolaringol
December 2024
Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia.
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM, arteriovenous dysplasia) is one of the variants of congenital vascular defects formed as a result of a defect in the development of the arterial and venous systems during ontogenesis with the formation of direct messages between vessels of different diameters. In this regard, high-speed shunting of blood from the arterial part of the vascular system to the venous through fistulas of various calibers occurs. This disease is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on cholinergic neural networks in humans: A neurophysiological study.
Clin Neurophysiol
January 2025
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Roma, Italy.
Objective: The mechanisms of actions of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) are still unclear, however the activity of the cholinergic system seems to be critical for the induction of VNS-mediated plasticity. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a well-suited, non-invasive tool to investigate cortical microcircuits involving different neurotransmitters. Herein, we evaluated the effect of taVNS on short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), a TMS paradigm specifically measuring cholinergic neurotransmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of the calf grimace scale for pain and stress assessment in castrated Angus beef calves.
Sci Rep
October 2024
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- The study developed the Calf Grimace Scale (CGS) to evaluate pain in calves, focusing on their facial expressions during castration and under various external stressors.
- It identified six facial action units (FAUs) related to pain, showing significant increases in CGS scores after actual castration compared to sham procedures.
- External factors like environmental changes and restraint also elevated CGS scores, but these factors did not affect scores following sham castration, suggesting their influence has limits.
A Tympanic Piezo-Bioreactor Modulates Ion Channel-Associated Mechanosignaling to Stabilize Phenotype and Promote Tenogenesis in Human Tendon-Derived Cells.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, H91W2TY, Ireland.
Preserving the function of human tendon-derived cells (hTDCs) during cell expansion is a significant challenge in regenerative medicine. In this study, a non-genetic approach is introduced to control the differentiation of hTDCs using a newly developed tympanic bioreactor. The system mimics the functionality of the human tympanic membrane, employing a piezoelectrically tuned acoustic diaphragm made of polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene and boron nitride nanotubes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProviding Insight for Pediatric Ear Surgery: Analysis of Middle Ear Development via HRCT.
Laryngoscope
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to enhance understanding of pediatric ear surgery by examining the growth patterns of key ear structures like ossicles, mastoid, and external auditory canal (EAC).
- Researchers analyzed HRCT scans of 191 healthy temporal bones from infants to adults, using various statistical methods to assess developmental changes over time.
- Results showed that while the size of ossicles and tympanic cavity remains stable, the development of mastoid air cells occurs early and EAC grows significantly, indicating that ear surgeries can be effectively performed on babies.
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