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Background: Kawasaki disease (KD), the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, primarily affects infants and toddlers. Investigations on immune responses during KD are hampered by a limited understanding of normal immune responses in these ages. It's well known that Infants have poorer vaccine responses and difficulty with maintaining prolonged serum immunity, but there are few studies on human infants detailing immune deficiencies. Limited studies propose an inability to maintain life-long bone marrow plasma cells. Plasmablasts are a transitional cell form of B cells that lead to long-term Plasma cells. Plasmablasts levels rise in the peripheral blood after exposure to a foreign antigen. In adult studies, these responses are both temporally and functionally well characterized. To date, there have been few studies on plasmablasts in the predominant age range of KD.
Methods: Children presenting to an urban pediatric emergency room undergoing laboratory evaluation, who had concern of KD or had fever and symptoms overlapping those of KD, were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and evaluated utilizing flow cytometry with specific B cell markers from 18 KD subjects and 69 febrile controls.
Results: Plasmablast numbers and temporal formation are similar between infectious disease controls and KD subjects. In both groups, infants have diminished plasmablast responses compared to older children.
Conclusion: In this single-time point survey, infants have a blunted peripheral plasmablast response. Overall, similar plasmablast responses in KD and controls support an infectious disease relationship to KD. Future time-course studies of plasmablasts in infants are warranted as this phenomenon may contribute to observed immune responses in this age group.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868766 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193539 | PLOS |
Eur J Immunol
December 2024
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Neuroscience Unit, University Hospital Center of Quebec - Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Autoantibodies contribute to many autoimmune diseases, yet there is no approved therapy to neutralize them selectively. A popular mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), could serve to develop such a therapy, provided we can better understand the nature and importance of the autoantibodies involved. Here we report the discovery of autoantibody-secreting extrafollicular plasmablasts in EAE induced with specific myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antigens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Microbiol Immunol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Mucosal infections normally cause an immune response including activation of antigen-specific B cells in regional mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. After recirculation of plasmablasts, and maturation at mucosal surfaces or bone marrow, plasma cells produce secretory or systemic IgA. It remains uncertain to what extent secretory and systemic IgA share the same target specificities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Sciences, AG Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany.
While B cell development in the birds' primary B cell organ, the bursa Fabricius, is relatively well understood, very little is known about post bursal B cell differentiation into plasma and memory cells though these cells are essential for a protecting antibody response and so far, no specific markers for these cells were available. Since immunoglobulin class switch is one part of the B cell differentiation process, our objective was to conduct a first detailed investigation of class-switched chicken B cells. As only very few IgY and IgA expressing cells were detected in lymphoid organs of young chickens, we used CD40L and IL-10 to establish a prolonged culture system, which induces B cell proliferation, class switch to IgY and IgA and enhanced antibody secretion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States.
This investigation elucidated the differences in humoral and H1N1 HA-specific memory B-cells response in participants exhibiting distinct immune response patterns prior to and after vaccination with Fluzone, the quadrivalent split-inactivated seasonal influenza virus vaccine. Participants were categorized into persistent non-responders and persistent responders based on their hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody titers to the H1N1 component from each vaccine administered between the 2019-2020 to 2023-2024 seasons. Persistent responders had higher fold change in H1N1 HA-specific CD21 expressing B-cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells.
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