The seventh and last chapter of Vygotsky's Thinking and Speech (1934) is generally considered as his final word in psychology. It is a long chapter with a complex argumentative structure in which Vygotsky gives his view on the relationship between thinking and speech. Vygotsky's biographers have stated that the chapter was dictated in the final months of Vygotsky's life when his health was rapidly deteriorating. Although the chapter is famous, its structure has never been analyzed in any detail. In the present article we reveal its rhetorical structure and show how Vygotsky drew on many hitherto unrevealed sources to convince the reader of his viewpoint.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.21893 | DOI Listing |
Med Sci Educ
June 2024
Medicolegal Institute, Ibn Rochd University Hospital,, Casablanca, Morocco.
Background: This scoping review aimed to explore the existing literature on teaching clinical reasoning in the field of forensic medicine.
Methods: The scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.
Results: The initial search yielded a total of 98 articles, of which 40 studies met the inclusion criteria.
BMC Med Ethics
December 2024
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Background: Respect for patient autonomy, the principle that patients are capable to make informed decisions about medical interventions, is fundamental in present-day medicine. However, if a patient's request is medically not indicated, the practitioner faces an ethical dilemma represented by the conflict of the principles of patient autonomy, beneficence, and maleficence. Adjacent to topics such as medical assistance in dying and healthy limb amputation, this ethical dilemma also manifests in the care of the maxillofacial region (the oral cavity and its surroundings), an area crucial to esthetic appearance, but also to everyday functions including mastication, speech, and facial expression, all of which are related to well-being.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychol Sci Public Interest
October 2024
Department of Psychology, Stanford University.
Five years after the beginning of the COVID pandemic, one thing is clear: The East Asian countries of Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea outperformed the United States in responding to and controlling the outbreak of the deadly virus. Although multiple factors likely contributed to this disparity, we propose that the culturally linked psychological defaults ("cultural defaults") that pervade these contexts also played a role. Cultural defaults are commonsense, rational, taken-for-granted ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Care
December 2024
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is common in critically ill patients and associated with poor outcomes. There is a lack of standardised methods for daily monitoring of GI function. COSMOGI aimed to develop a Core Outcome Set (COS) for daily monitoring of GI function to improve consistency and comparability in future studies in critically ill patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemin Speech Lang
November 2024
Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Autistic adults report communication access barriers related to the prioritization of speech over all other forms of communication. Our participatory research team, including autistic adults who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) both part- and full-time, designed and administered a 35-question online survey to examine school-based professionals' knowledge, training, and practices related to AAC and autism. The current study reports a portion of the larger data set specific to participants' definitions of speech terms related to autistic speech.
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