The bioethics laws since their first adoption in 1994 until the latest proposals, have been widely commented and analyzed, regarding the provisions related to the legal qualification and the legal status of the embryo and of the embryonic stem cells. The legal issues raised by these hesitations imply instability for both researchers and health professionals about what they can and cannot do when it comes to the embryo and its cells. Thus, while the protection of the embryo was the subject of a consensus until the end of the 2000s, it now appears as the object of a political will, from researchers and state agencies, to support this research. The legal frameworks have been modified step by step leading to an administrative police that reconciles freedom of research and ethical issues whose legal enforcement remains weak and uncertain. It will therefore be important to highlight the legal and institutional milestones that led to the acceptance of embryo research and to the liberalization of the legal framework. Some doubts will then be expressed about the benefits of this liberalization notably because cases law on the patentability of inventions resulting from this research are a bit of a threat to encourage development perspectives and because embryonic stem cells could remain marginal because of the economic and scientific contexts.
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