Reflection impulsivity perceptual decision-making in patients with restless legs syndrome.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate perceptual decision-making and reflection impulsivity in drug naïve patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and patients with dopaminergic therapy.

Methods: A total of 35 RLS patients (20 who were drug naïve regarding dopaminergic medication and 15 patients treated with dopaminergic therapy without augmentation or impulse control disorders) were included in this study. We used the Beads task and the Pixel task which assess reflection impulsivity and perceptual decision-making, respectively. Results were compared to 20 healthy controls.

Results: Both RLS patient groups gathered less evidence than healthy controls in the Beads task before making a decision ( < 0.001), but patients with dopaminergic treatment gathered less information than drug naïve patients ( = 0.026). Moreover, both patient groups made more choices against the evidence than healthy controls (both < 0.01), but there was no difference between the two patient groups. In the Pixel task, we found an effect of task difficulty on reaction times with patients and controls responding faster with reduced task difficulty. There was neither an effect of group on reaction times nor an effect of group on error rates.

Conclusions: Reflection impulsivity is common in RLS patients, regardless whether they are drug naïve or treated with dopaminergic therapy. Thus, RLS patients tend to gather less information compared to healthy controls which could have a negative effect on decision-making in daily life and should be investigated further.