In 1847, British anesthesia pioneer John Snow (1813-1858) observed that patients did not manifest cyanosis during induction with hypoxic mixtures of ether vapor in air. He hypothesized a molecular mechanism that would be understood over a century later as the second gas effect.
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National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Frailty and Healthy Aging, Basil Hetzel Institute, 28 Woodville Road, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia.
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