Mifepristone, which is an orally active synthetic steroid with antiprogesterone activity, is known as an ovarian toxicant. Because the available data regarding the histopathologic characteristics of ovarian toxicity in nonhuman primates are limited, the present study was undertaken in order to investigate detailed histopathologic changes accompanying mifepristone-induced ovarian toxicity and its relationship to changes in menstrual cycle and circulating sex steroid hormone. Twenty mg/kg of mifepristone was orally administered daily to 4 cynomolgus monkeys for 2 months. Mifepristone inhibited the cyclic increases in circulating estradiol-17β and progesterone levels with associated absence of menstruation. Histopathologically, the ovary in the treated animals showed follicular phase without changes in the percentage of atretic antral follicles, and reduced endometrial thickness was noted in the uterus. These changes indicated that a certain degree of antral follicle development had been retained in spite of the menstrual cycle having been arrested in mifepristone-treated animals. Our investigation suggested that it is important to perform detailed histopathologic examination of reproductive organs with precise knowledge of the characteristics of each menstrual stage to detect ovarian toxicity in nonhuman primates. Monitoring menstrual signs and circulating sex steroid hormone levels provides additional evidence for the investigation of the mechanism of ovarian toxicity.
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