Silent cerebral infarction is the most common neurological abnormality in children with sickle cell anemia, affecting 30-40% of 14 year olds. There are no known biomarkers to identify children with silent cerebral infarcts, and the pathological basis is also unknown. We used an unbiased proteomic discovery approach to identify plasma proteins differing in concentration between children with and without silent cerebral infarcts. Clinical parameters and plasma samples were analysed from 51 children (mean age 11.8 years, range 6-18) with sickle cell anemia (HbSS). A total of 19 children had silent cerebral infarcts and 32 normal MRI; the children with silent infarcts had lower HbF levels (8.6 16.1%, =0.049) and higher systolic blood pressures (115 108.6, =0.027). Plasma proteomic analysis showed 13 proteins increased more than 1.3 fold in the SCI patients, including proteins involved in hypercoagulability (α2-antiplasmin, fibrinogen-γ chain, thrombospondin-4), inflammation (α2-macroglobulin, complement C1s and C3), and atherosclerosis (apolipoprotein B-100). Higher levels of gelsolin and retinol-binding protein 4 were also found in the population with silent infarcts, both of which have been linked to stroke. We investigated the genetic basis of these differences by studying 359 adults with sickle cell disease (199 with silent cerebral infarcts, 160 normal MRIs), who had previously undergone a genome-wide genotyping array. None of the genes coding for the differentially expressed proteins were significantly associated with silent infarction. Our study suggests that silent cerebral infarcts in sickle cell anemia may be associated with higher systolic blood pressure, lower HbF levels, hypercoagulability, inflammation and atherosclerotic lipoproteins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2018.187815 | DOI Listing |
Neurosci Res
December 2024
Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Laboratory of Neural Information Processing, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; PRESTO/CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address:
Despite the crucial role of synaptic connections and neural activity in the development and organization of cortical circuits, the mechanisms underlying the formation of functional synaptic connections in the developing human cerebral cortex remain unclear. We investigated the development of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission using human cortical organoids (hCOs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Two-photon Ca⁺ imaging revealed an increase in the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous activity in hCOs on day 80 compared to day 50.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Brain Res
December 2024
Music and Audio Research Laboratory, New York University, New York, USA.
We examined the impact of auditory stimuli and their methods on a dynamic balance task performance. Twenty-four young adults wore an HTC Vive headset and dodged a virtual ball to the right or left based on its color (blue to the left, red to the right, and vice versa). We manipulated the environment by introducing congruent (auditory stimuli from the correct direction) or incongruent (auditory stimuli played randomly from either side) and comparing a multimodal (visual and congruent auditory stimuli) to unimodal (visual or auditory stimuli) presentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagn Reson Imaging
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. Electronic address:
Introduction: More and more evidence suggesting that internal carotid artery stenosis is not only a risk factor for ischemic stroke but also for cognitive impairments. Hypoperfusion and silent micro emboli have been reported as the pathophysiological mechanisms causing cognitive impairment. The effect of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on cognitive function varied from study to study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuant Imaging Med Surg
December 2024
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Background: Preliminary small-sample studies suggest that silent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has an advantage over time-of-flight MRA (TOF MRA) in the characterization of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), but did not examine whether the imaging performance of silent MRA was affected by the intrinsic features of BAVM or common clinical factors. This study sought to compare silent MRA and TOF MRA in terms of the visualization and grading of BAVMs in various clinical settings.
Methods: In total, 85 participants (50 males, 35 females; mean age: 33.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol
December 2024
Mercy General Hospital and Dignity Health Heart and Vascular Institute, Sacramento, California, USA.
Introduction: The safety and efficacy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) ablation with the HELIOSTAR multielectrode radiofrequency (RF) balloon catheter have been demonstrated in European studies; data from elsewhere are lacking. This prospective, multicenter study conducted in the United States, Italy, and China investigated the safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using HELIOSTAR in drug-refractory symptomatic PAF.
Methods: The primary effectiveness endpoint (PEE) was 12-month freedom from documented atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia plus freedom from acute procedural failure, nonstudy catheter failure, repeat ablation failure, direct current cardioversion (DCCV), and Class I/III antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) failure.
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