Power mobility skill progression for children and adolescents: a systematic review of measures and their clinical application.

Aim: To identify and critically appraise standardized measures of power mobility skill used with children (18y or younger) with mobility limitations and explore the measures' application for 'exploratory', 'operational', and 'functional' learners.

Method: Five electronic databases were searched along with hand-searching for peer-reviewed articles published in English to July 2017 (updated 31st August 2017). Key terms included power(ed) mobility, power(ed) wheelchair, and database-specific terms. Studies included at least one child with a disability, and a detailed description of the measure of power mobility skill. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed with inclusion criteria set a priori. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles.

Results: Of 96 titles, 24 articles met inclusion criteria, describing nine measures of power mobility skill. The Wheelchair Skills Checklist, the Powered Mobility Program (PMP), and the Power Mobility Training Tool were augmented by three adaptations of the PMP. Two additional measures were further developed to create a third, the Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use. Validity evidence related primarily to content development while reliability evidence was reported on only two measures.

Interpretation: All measures are in the initial stages of development and testing. Research investigating the measures' appropriateness for different types of learners and environments is warranted.

What This Paper Adds: There are four distinct measures of paediatric power mobility skill: three task-based, one process-based. Power mobility learners may be divided into three groups: exploratory, operational, and functional. Application of measures of power mobility skill differs for these three groups.