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Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.
Med Microbiol Immunol
December 2024
Immunology Section, Molecular Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: While the general immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well-understood, the long-term effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2) co-infection on the immune system remain unclear. This study investigates the immune response in people with HIV-1 (PWH) co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 to understand its long-term health consequences.
Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study of PWH with suppressed viral load and SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted.
Host genetic and immune factors drive evasion of HIV-1 pathogenesis in viremic non-progressors.
Med
October 2024
IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Viremic non-progressors (VNPs) are a rare group of HIV-1 individuals who maintain normal CD4 T cell counts despite high viral loads, resembling natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus, but the reasons for this are not fully understood.
- - A study using single-cell and multiomics methods examined 16 VNPs and 29 HIV+ progressors, revealing genetic factors like CCR5Δ32 heterozygosity and lower CCR5 expression, alongside reduced intestinal disruption and immune responses in VNPs.
- - The research highlights various traits contributing to the immune stability in VNPs, indicating important insights for potential HIV treatment strategies in the future.
Sustained IFN signaling is associated with delayed development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity.
Nat Commun
May 2024
Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- - The study analyzes plasma samples from 318 COVID-19 patients to understand how RNAemia, delayed antibody responses, and inflammation affect patient outcomes, revealing four distinct patient clusters based on severity and survival probability.
- - Critically ill patients were categorized into good prognosis and high-fatality clusters, while non-critical survivors were divided into high and low early antibody responders, each showing different patterns in antibody development and inflammation.
- - The findings indicate that high-fatality patients have specific genomic signatures linked to severe COVID-19, and both critical and non-critical patients with delayed antibody responses exhibit persistent interferon (IFN) activity, suggesting that high IFN levels might hinder the body's ability to build effective immunity.
A Phase-IV Non-interventional Study to Assess Virological Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of DTG-based Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Indian Persons Living with HIV.
Curr HIV Res
May 2024
Department of Medicine, Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110010, India.
Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) is a novel yet preferential first- and -second-line treatment for persons living with HIV (PLH). Owing to its recent introduction, DTG-based regimens have not undergone a comprehensive, systematic evaluation regarding their real-world utilization and safety profile among a sizeable Indian population.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the 24 week immunovirological outcomes, anthropometric and metabolic changes, tolerability, and adverse events (AEs) of DTG-based antiretroviral (ART) regimens.
Longitudinal patterns of inflammatory mediators after acute HIV infection correlate to intact and total reservoir.
Front Immunol
January 2024
HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Background: Despite the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during acute HIV infection (AHI), residual immune activation remains a hallmark of treated HIV infection.
Methods: Plasma concentrations of 40 mediators were measured longitudinally in 39 early treated participants of a Belgian AHI cohort (HIV+) and in 21 HIV-negative controls (HIV-). We investigated the association of the inflammatory profile with clinical presentation, plasma viral load, immunological parameters, and in-depth characterization of the HIV reservoir.
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