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Anomalous entropy-driven kinetics of dislocation nucleation.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
The kinetics of dislocation reactions, such as dislocation multiplication, controls the plastic deformation in crystals beyond their elastic limit, therefore critical mechanisms in a number of applications in materials science. We present a series of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations that shows that one such type of reactions, the nucleation of dislocation at free surfaces, exhibit unconventional kinetics, including unexpectedly large nucleation rates under compression, very strong entropic stabilization under tension, as well as strong non-Arrhenius behavior. These unusual kinetics are quantitatively rationalized using a variational transition state theory approach coupled with an efficient numerical scheme for the estimation of vibrational entropy changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall intra-tropical long-distance migratory birds track rainy seasons across hemispheres.
Proc Biol Sci
January 2025
Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland.
The main features of long-distance migration are derived from landbirds breeding in the Northern Hemisphere. Little is known about migration within the tropics, presumably because tropical species typically move opportunistically and over shorter distances. However, such generalizations are weakened by a lack of solid data on spatial, temporal and behavioural patterns of intra-tropical migrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin .
Open Biol
January 2025
Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
Sea urchins, integral to marine ecosystems and valued as a delicacy in Asia and Europe, contain physiologically important long-chain (>C) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their gonads, including arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and unusual non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMI-FA) such as 20:2. Although these fatty acids may partially be derived from their diet, such as macroalgae, the present study on has uncovered multiple genes encoding enzymes involved in long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. Specifically, 3 fatty acid desaturases (FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2) and 13 elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids proteins (Elovl-like, Elovl1/7-like, Elovl2/5-like, Elovl4-like, Elovl8-like and Elovl6-like A-H) were identified in their genome and transcriptomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFlipons and the origin of the genetic code.
Biol Lett
January 2025
Discovery, InsideOutBio , Charlestown, MA, USA.
This paper is focused on the origins of the contemporary genetic code. A novel explanation is proposed for how the mapping of nucleotides in DNA to amino acids in proteins arose that derives from repeat nucleotide sequences able to form alternative nucleic acid structures (ANS), such as the unusual left-handed Z-DNA, triplex, G-quadruplex and I-motif conformations. The scheme identifies sequence-specific contacts that map ANS repeats to dipeptide polymers (DPS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall intestinal obstruction caused by the gastric bezoars in elderly diabetic patients: A case report.
Int J Surg Case Rep
December 2024
School of Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Department of Digestive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
Introduction: Bezoar is an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction accounting for 0.4-4 % of all mechanical bowel obstruction. With the rising incidence of diabetes and the associated risk of gastrointestinal issues.
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