Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, and nutritional deficiency may play a role in the development of ASD. A relationship between ASD and iron levels/iron deficiency (ID) has been reported; however, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to examine the relationship between ASD and ID following the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases up to September 22, 2017. Studies providing data on peripheral iron levels and/or the prevalence of ID in children with ASD vs those without ASD (non-ASD) were included. Primary outcomes included the difference in peripheral iron levels in children with ASD compared with those without ASD, and the odds ratio of ASD in children with ID compared with those without ID. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. We found that peripheral iron levels were not significantly different between the ASD and non-ASD groups, including serum ferritin (k = 4, Hedges g = 0.016, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.482 to 0.515, P = .949) or hair iron (k = 12; Hedges g = -0.219, 95% CI = -0.551 to 0.113, P = .196). There was no significant difference in the amount of iron in food content between the ASD and non-ASD groups (k = 6; Hedges g = -0.458, 95% CI = -1.246 to 0.330, P = .254). However, the reciprocal comorbidity of ASD and ID was significantly higher than in the children without these disorders. Our analysis showed that the available evidence is inconsistent with regard to whether children with ASD have lower iron levels. Future longitudinal studies are required to confirm or refute these associations and elucidate potential mechanisms.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.004 | DOI Listing |
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the most active peptide hormone produced by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Genetic deletion of genes that ultimately restrict Ang II formation has been shown to result in marked anemia in mice. In this study, adult mice with a genetic deletion of the RAS precursor protein angiotensinogen (Agt-KO) were used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
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Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
The primary production of fjords across the Arctic and Subarctic is undergoing significant transformations due to the climatically driven retreat of glaciers and ice sheets. However, the implications of these changes for upper trophic levels remain largely unknown. In this study, we employ both bulk and compound-specific stable isotope analyses to investigate how shifts at the base of fjord food webs impact the carbon and energy sources of consumers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis a major contributor to infections in humans and is widely distributed in the environment. It is capable of aerobic and anaerobic growth, providing adaptability to environmental changes and in confronting immune responses. We applied high-throughput native 2-dimensional metalloproteomics to under oxic and anoxic conditions.
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Dr. Rubeena Zakar, MBBS, PhD Public Health, Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Background & Objectives: Hypoferritinemia without anemia (HWA) is an under-recognized public health concern. Early identification and targeted treatment of HWA can prevent unnecessary medication use and potential drug abuse. This study aims to establish clearer guidelines for recognizing and managing HWA, improving patient's outcome.
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