Introduction Novel psychotropic substances also known as legal highs are a major concern in UK prisons, fuelling violence and putting a strain on resources for inmates requiring medical treatment for adverse effects. We provide a clinical toxicology service including routine screening for novel psychoactive substances. In 2015, we were approached by Her Majesty Prison Service search dog training team to advise on which novel psychoactive substances to target, and again in 2016 to further provide analytical support to test five letters which the dogs positively identified for novel psychotropic substances during routine searches of prison mail rooms. Here we provide the first analytical confirmation that letters sent to inmates are being used to smuggle novel psychotropic substances into UK prisons. Results Novel psychotropic substances were detected on all five letters and these included the stimulants ethylphenidate, methiopropamine and methoxiphenidaine, the sedative etizolam and the third generation synthetic cannabinoids 5F-AKB-48, AB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA. Other compounds detected include the class A drug cocaine, class B drug methylphenidate and the cutting agents lignocaine, benzocaine and procaine. Conclusion Novel psychotropic substances smuggled into UK prisons is a major safety and security concern. By analytically confirming letters sent to inmates do contain novel psychotropic substances, we have produced categorical evidence to support anecdotal suggestions that novel psychotropic substances are entering UK prisons in this manner.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563218767462 | DOI Listing |
BMC Plant Biol
January 2025
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Background: Future breeding and selection of Cannabis sativa L. for both drug production and industrial purposes require a source of germplasm with wide genetic variation, such as that found in wild relatives and progenitors of highly cultivated plants. Limited directional selection and breeding have occurred in this crop, especially informed by molecular markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Section of Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Background: Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia. Even though several novel second-generation antipsychotics (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav
January 2025
Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Background: The underlying mechanism of quetiapine (QET) in treating cognitive impairment in sleep deprivation is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with QET on novel object recognition and hippocampal (hippo) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in rats submitted to 72 h sleep deprivation (SD).
Materials And Methods: A total of 42 adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned into six experimental groups: non-sleep-deprived (NSD) control, short-term control group (n = 7) received a single intraperitoneal (i.
PLoS One
January 2025
Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 3.9% of the general population. While massed cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating chronic PTSD, a substantial proportion of patients still continue to meet PTSD criteria after treatment, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Departments of Biological Sciences CW-405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
Cannabis is one of the most widely used drugs, and yet an understanding of its impact on the human brain and body is inconclusive. Medicinal and recreational use of cannabis has increased in the last decade with a concomitant increase in use by pregnant women. The major psychoactive compound in cannabis, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), exists in different isomers, with the (-) trans isomer most common.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!