Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is complicated by several factors, including issues with availability, sensitivity, and specificity of antibody testing, particularly with variability in assay techniques and new antibodies being rapidly identified; nonspecific findings on MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture; and competing differential diagnoses. Through case-based discussions with 3 experts from 3 continents, this article discusses the challenges of AE diagnosis, important clinical characteristics of AE, preferences for methods of autoantibody testing and interpretation, and treatment-related questions. In particular, we explore the following question: If a patient's clinical presentation seems consistent with AE but antibody testing is negative, can one still diagnose the patient with AE? Furthermore, what factors does one consider when making this determination, and should treatment proceed independent of antibody testing in suspected cases? The same case-based questions were posed to the rest of our readership in an online survey, the results of which are also presented.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5839684 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000423 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Natural exposure to Chikungunya virus in golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Kuhl, 1820) from non-protected areas in southern Bahia, Brazil: Implications and significance.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
January 2025
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is primarily associated with non-human-primates (NHPs) in Africa, which also infect humans. Since its introduction to Brazil in 2014, CHIKV has predominantly thrived in urban cycles, involving Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Limited knowledge exists regarding CHIKV occurrence and implications in rural and sylvatic cycles where neotropical NHPs are potential hosts, from which we highlight Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Kuhl, 1820), the golden-headed lion tamarin (GHLT), an endangered species endemic to the Atlantic Forest (AF) in Southern Bahia State, Brazil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvidence of human exposure and associated risk factors to Rift Valley fever in selected districts of Central and Western Zambia.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary, Medicine, University of Zambia Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important viral zoonotic disease that not only affects ruminants but causes serious morbidity and mortality in humans. In humans, its symptoms range from mild flu-like signs to a severe form such as retinal damage, meningoencephalitis to haemorrhagic fever. In this study, 202 human serum samples were collected from central and western parts of Zambia and tested for RVF-specific antibodies using a commercially available ELISA kit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSyphilis in a blood bank in Argentina: Prevalence trends and risk factors.
Transfus Med
January 2025
Hospital de Pediatría, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Background: Worldwide, there has been a worrying increase in the prevalence of syphilis. Blood banks have a major role in monitoring the trend of these events, despite the bias due to the altruistic donation strategy.
Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of syphilis and analyse its association with defined risk factors among blood donors at the regional blood center at Hospital Prof.
HMGB1 assists the predictive value of tumor PD-L1 expression for the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in NSCLC.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Background: The expression of anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in tumors is widely used as a biomarker to predict the therapeutic efficacy of anti-programmed cell death-1(PD-1)/PD-L1 antibodies. However, the predictive accuracy of this method is limited. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is known to modulate cancer immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with antiphospholipid antibodies preferentially seek health information from physicians: a cross-sectional online patient quantitative survey.
Rheumatol Int
January 2025
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Little is known about how patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) access and trust health information. This research aimed to: describe the sources of information most frequently accessed/trusted by patients with APS/aPL; identify if individuals with APS/aPL perceived their health had been negatively impacted by various sources and document obstacles to accessing health information. Patients meeting Revised Sapporo Criteria for APS or with ≥1 positive aPL on ≥2 occasions were recruited to an online survey regarding their health information use at diagnosis and within 6 months preceding survey completion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!