Afidopyropen is a novel insecticide that acts as a TRPV channel modulator in chordotonal organs of target insects. In two carcinogenicity studies with Fischer rats, an increased incidence of uterine adenocarcinomas was observed at 1000 and 3000 ppm. This finding prompted an investigation of the mechanism of the tumor formation as well as the relevance of this mechanism to humans. The mechanistic work took parallel paths: one path investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of the test substance at the doses where the tumors were found; while the second path examined the key mechanistic events that culminated in uterine adenocarcinomas. The results of the investigation indicated that the tumors only occurred at doses where excretion of test substance was saturated - indicating that homeostatic biological and/or physiological processes were overwhelmed. At the doses where these processes were overwhelmed, the test substance acted through a mechanism of dopamine agonism, triggering a cascade key events that resulted in uterine adenocarcinomas. An analysis of these mechanisms observed in rat showed that they are both quantitatively (pharmacokinetic mechanism) and qualitatively (dopamine agonism mechanism) not relevant to humans. Therefore the uterine adenocarcinomas observed in the rat associated with high doses of Afidopyropen are not expected to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.
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