To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures with focus on total removal of cattle and sheep in Junshan District, Yueyang City. The retrospective review and field survey were implemented in the pilot villages in Junshan District. The data of infection status of human, cattle, sheep and snails, and density of snails were gathered and modeled in the period of 2006 to 2016. The prevalence of schistosome infection in residents in the pilot villages decreased from 3.44% in 2006 to 0.59% in 2012 ( = 14.501, = 0.013). After removal of all the cattle and sheep in 2013, the prevalence of schistosome infection in the residents decreased to zero in 2016 ( = 14.148, = 0.033). The density of living snails decreased from 0.883 3/0.1 m in 2006 to 0.308 8/0.1 m in 2012 ( = 76.250, = 0.005). The comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategy with focus on cattle and sheep removal is remarkably effective.
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