Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Purpose: Oral drug delivery using NPs is a current strategy for poorly absorbed molecules. It offers significant improvement in terms of bioavailability. However, the encapsulation of proteins and peptides in polymeric NPs is a challenge. Firstly, the present study focused on the double emulsion process in order to encapsulate the OXY peptide. Then the technique was challenged by a one-step simplified process, the simple emulsion.
Methods: In order to study the influence of formulation and process parameters, factorial experimental designs were carried on. The responses observed were the NP size (<200 nm in order to penetrate the intestinal mucus layer), the suspension stability (ZP < |30| mV) and the OXY loading.
Results: It was thus found that the amount and the nature of surfactant, the ratio between the phases, the amount of PLA-PEG polymer and OXY, the presence of a viscosifying agent, and the duration of the sonication could significantly influence the responses. Finally, OXY-loaded NPs from both processes were obtained with NP size of 195 and 226 nm and OXY loading of 4 and 3.3% for double and simple emulsions, respectively.
Conclusion: The two processes appeared to be suitable for OXY encapsulation and comparable in term of NP size, peptide drug load and release obtained.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-018-2358-9 | DOI Listing |
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