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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 137
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 197
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 197
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1057
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3175
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
This infographic about hepatitis B virus explores its replication cycle, natural history of infection and pathogenesis, and how this can be controlled and treated. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common worldwide blood-borne pathogen. Chronic hepatitis B can progress to an inactive carrier state, and then, in some patients, give rise to cirrhosis and cancer of the liver, leading to death. An HBV surface-antigen vaccine is effective, but treatments are currently not curative. HBV replicates via reverse transcription. Its covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA in the nucleus encodes a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which can be encapsidated by HBV polymerase. Reverse transcription occurs in the capsids by using the pgRNA as a template for the synthesis of single-stranded linear and then partially double-stranded relaxed circular (rc) DNA. Capsids containing a mature rc DNA genome target to the nucleus for ccc DNA synthesis. Persistent HBV infection is caused mainly by ccc DNA and immune tolerance to HBV antigens in the liver. Unlike acute infection, chronic carriers contain only a low level of HBV core-antigen-specific T cell activity, contributing to the lack of viral clearance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2018.01.009 | DOI Listing |
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