Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which inflammatory responses have the polarisation of CD4 T cells to Th2 cells. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells (DFSCs) have strong anti-inflammatory properties comparable to other mesenchymal stem cells.
Objective: We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of DFSCs on CD4 T helper cell responses of asthmatic patients and compared the results with those obtained with asthmatic subjects on immunotherapy and with healthy individuals.
Method: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from immunotherapy naïve asthmatics, asthmatics on subcutaneous Der p1 immunotherapy and from healthy individuals. PBMC were pre-conditioned with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs, Der p1 or IFN-γ in the presence and absence of DFSCs and analysed for T cell viability and proliferation, CD4 CD25 FOXP3 regulatory T cell frequencies, cytokine expression, and GATA3, T bet and FoxP3 expressions. Neutralisation of TGF-β and blockade of IDO and PGE2 pathways were performed to determine suppressive signalling pathways of DFSCs.
Results: Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells suppressed proliferative responses of CD4 T lymphocytes and increased the frequency of Treg cells. DFSCs decreased effector and effector memory CD4 T cell phenotypes in favour of naïve T cell markers. DFSCs decreased IL-4 and GATA3 expression and increased IFN-γ, T-bet and IL-10 expression in asthmatics. Costimulatory molecules were suppressed in monocytes with DFSCs in the cocultures. DFSCs down-regulated inflammatory responses via IDO and TGF-β pathways in asthmatic patients.
Conclusion: Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells suppressed allergen-induced Th2-cell polarisation in favour of Th1 responses and attenuated antigen-presenting cell co-stimulatory activities. These studies suggest that DFSC-based cell therapy may provide pro-tolerogenic immunomodulation relevant to allergic diseases such as asthma.
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