Gingival enlargement is a very common side effect associated with the administration of several drugs, mainly anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and immunosuppressants. Amlodipine (a CCB) is a safe antihypertensive drug with a longer duration of action. Gingival enlargement induced by amlodipine is less prevalent among CCBs. Since the pathogenesis is not well understood, it is still a challenge for clinicians to diagnose and manage cases effectively. This case presents an atypical unilateral palatal gingival enlargement in a 61-year-old hypertensive female taking amlodipine. Difficulty for a pathologist in diagnosing in spite of repeated sample submission from the lesion and repeated failure for the operator to reach the underlying pathology due to amlodipine-induced hyperplasia have also been discussed in this case report.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_456_15 | DOI Listing |
Diseases
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Chiba, Japan.
Objectives: Cyclosporine A promotes gingival fibrosis by enhancing the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts, leading to gingival overgrowth. The population of gingival fibroblasts is regulated by cell cycle machinery, which balances cell growth and inhibition. Cells that detect DNA damage pause at the G1/S checkpoint to repair the damage instead of progressing to the S phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDent J (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece.
The etiology of diffuse gingival enlargement is multifactorial, and the definitive diagnosis may be challenging. To highlight the nuances of the differential diagnosis, we present two cases of generalized gingival overgrowth and discuss the diagnostic dilemmas. In the first case, an 82-year-old male with a medical history of hypertension and prostatitis had a chief complaint of symptomatic oral lesions of a 20-day duration, accompanied by fever and loss of appetite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND.
Introduction Gingival enlargement (GE) poses a significant problem during fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT). Thus, the primary aim of the current study was to evaluate the concentrations of biomarkers present in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals receiving FOT. The ancillary aim was to examine and compare biomarker levels among patients exhibiting GE undergoing FOT, those without GE undergoing FOT, and a control group comprising individuals not undergoing FOT and to assess the predictors for GE in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Department of Neuroscience, California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a prominent non-psychoactive small molecule produced by cannabis plants used clinically as an antiepileptic. Here, we show CBD and other cannabinoids are potent inhibitors of mechanosensitive two-pore domain K (K2P) channels, including TRAAK and TREK-1 that contribute to spike propagation in myelinated axons. Five TRAAK mutations that cause epilepsy or the neurodevelopmental syndrome FHEIG (facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, intellectual/developmental delay, and gingival overgrowth) retain sensitivity to cannabinoid inhibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
Gingival overgrowth caused by cyclosporine A is due to increased fibroblast proliferation in gingival tissues. Cell cycle system balances proliferation and anti-proliferation of gingival fibroblasts and plays a role in the maintenance of its population in gingival tissues. When cells detect and respond to abnormalities (e.
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