Compartments are ubiquitous throughout biology, and they have very likely played a crucial role at the origin of life. Here we assume that a protocell, which is a compartment enclosing functional components, requires such components in order to be evolvable. We calculate the timescale in which a minimal evolvable protocell is produced. We show that when protocells fuse and share information, the timescales polynomially in By contrast, in the absence of fusion, the worst-case scenario is exponential in We discuss the implications of this result for the origin of life and other biological processes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0003 | DOI Listing |
Chem Biodivers
January 2025
Faculty of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that are the mediators of tissue homeostasis. These immune cells originated from monocytes and are classified into two basic categories, M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages exhibit anti-tumorous inflammatory reactions due to the behavior of phagocytosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Pathog
January 2025
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
Whipworms (Trichuris spp) are ubiquitous parasites of humans and domestic and wild mammals that cause chronic disease, considerably impacting human and animal health. Egg hatching is a critical phase in the whipworm life cycle that marks the initiation of infection, with newly hatched larvae rapidly migrating to and invading host intestinal epithelial cells. Hatching is triggered by the host microbiota; however, the physical and chemical interactions between bacteria and whipworm eggs, as well as the bacterial and larval responses that result in the disintegration of the polar plug and larval eclosion, are not completely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
January 2025
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
Background: Paeonia lactiflora Pall., a member of Paeoniaceae family, is a medicinal herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Chloroplasts are multifunctional organelles containing distinct genetic material.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hered
January 2025
The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
In the fall of 2003, a two-year-old tiger named Ming, weighing some four hundred pounds, was discovered living in an apartment in Harlem, New York. Ming's rescue by NYPD was witnessed, recalled, and venerated by scores of neighbors. The tiger's history and ancestry stimulated considerable media interest, investigative sleuthing, and forensic genomic analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
January 2025
Center for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
The Early Jurassic ornithischian dinosaurs in Laurasia are dominated by armored dinosaurs, with other early ornithischian groups being rare. Here, a new taxon, gen. et sp.
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