In the 19th century it was widely believed that both tuberculosis and cervical lymph node swelling, known as scrophula, affected individuals predisposed to an inherited "diathetic constitution". In 1882 Robert Koch proved that human tuberculosis and scrophulous lesions were caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the early twentieth century it was stated that Mycobacterium bovis, the bacillus of cattle tuberculosis, could also cause cervical lymphoadenitis in humans, especially in children, by the intake of milk from sick cows. The incidence of this condition decreased after the infection was controlled in cattle and pasteurization of the milk was introduced. A type of granulomatous necrotizing and suppurative cervico-facial lymphadenitis associated to non-tuberculous mycobacteria was described in 1956. It mainly affects children younger than 5 years old, particularly those born in countries with non-endemic tuberculosis. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is prevalent in young adults from tuberculosis-endemic countries and in HIV-infected subjects. Infectious etiology displaced the importance of a personal disposition in the development of scrophula. Nevertheless, mutations that confer susceptibility to mycobacterial infection are currently investigated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182017000600589 | DOI Listing |
JBJS Case Connect
October 2024
Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
Case: A 47-year-old man presented with neck pain, restricted neck movements, along with involvement of facial and hypoglossal nerve. On the basis of clinico-radiological correlation, the patient was diagnosed with craniovertebral junction tuberculosis and was started on antitubercular therapy (ATT). Failing the conservative trial, the patient was operated and occipitocervical fusion was done with bone grafting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenes Dis
March 2025
Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China.
DNA exonucleases and endonucleases are key executors of the genome during many physiological processes. They generate double-stranded DNA by cleaving damaged endogenous or exogenous DNA, triggering the activation of the innate immune pathways such as cGAS-STING-IFN, and enabling the body to produce anti-viral or anti-tumor immune responses. This is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the genome and improving the therapeutic efficacy of tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLymphangioma circumscriptum, one of the common forms of lymphangioma, can be either congenital or acquired. Various acquired conditions can lead to its causation and one of the causes might be untreated hidradenitis suppurativa. So, this report highlights the need of early interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa as lymphangioma circumscriptum can be one of its consequences later in life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase Rep Med
December 2024
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to the larynx is exceedingly rare and can be obscured by more common conditions such as laryngeal cancer or oropharyngeal candidiasis, complicating an accurate diagnosis. Risk factors for chronic laryngeal disease, such as smoking and toxin exposure, place TB infection comparatively lower for consideration on a physician's differential. However, identifying these lesions is crucial from a medical and public health perspective to prevent community spread.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTher Adv Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda 151001, India.
Tuberculosis can present myriad manifestations, affecting multiple organ systems. Common central nervous system (CNS) manifestations include vomiting, headache, blurred vision, neck stiffness, altered sensorium, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare manifestation of CNS tuberculosis.
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