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Community Composition of Nitrous Oxide-Related Genes in Salt Marsh Sediments Exposed to Nitrogen Enrichment. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Salt marshes are important ecosystems that provide valuable services, such as removing nitrogen from coastal waters to combat eutrophication.
  • Increased nutrient levels in salt marsh sediments boost nitrogen cycling but can also lead to higher emissions of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas.
  • Research shows that the microbial communities responsible for nitrous oxide production and consumption are significantly altered by nutrient enrichment, indicating that changes in community structure, rather than just microbial activity, drive the rates of nitrous oxide exchange in these environments.

Article Abstract

Salt marshes provide many key ecosystem services that have tremendous ecological and economic value. One critical service is the removal of fixed nitrogen from coastal waters, which limits the negative effects of eutrophication resulting from increased nutrient supply. Nutrient enrichment of salt marsh sediments results in higher rates of nitrogen cycling and, commonly, a concurrent increase in the flux of nitrous oxide, an important greenhouse gas. Little is known, however, regarding controls on the microbial communities that contribute to nitrous oxide fluxes in marsh sediments. To address this disconnect, we generated profiles of microbial communities and communities of micro-organisms containing specific nitrogen cycling genes that encode several enzymes ( related to nitrous oxide flux from salt marsh sediments. We hypothesized that communities of microbes responsible for nitrogen transformations will be structured by nitrogen availability. Taxa that respond positively to high nitrogen inputs may be responsible for the elevated rates of nitrogen cycling processes measured in fertilized sediments. Our data show that, with the exception of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, the community composition of organisms involved in the production and consumption of nitrous oxide was altered under nutrient enrichment. These results suggest that previously measured rates of nitrous oxide production and consumption are likely the result of changes in community structure, not simply changes in microbial activity.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5816060PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00170DOI Listing

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