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Deconstructing the neural circuit underlying social hierarchy in mice.
Neuron
December 2024
Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China. Electronic address:
Social competition determines hierarchical social status, which profoundly influences animals' behavior and health. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a fundamental role in regulating social competitions, but it was unclear how the dmPFC orchestrates win- and lose-related behaviors through its downstream neural circuits. Here, through whole-brain c-Fos mapping, fiber photometry, and optogenetics- or chemogenetics-based manipulations, we identified anatomically segregated win- and lose-related neural pathways downstream of the dmPFC in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioethics transformed: 40 years of the value of life.
Camb Q Healthc Ethics
December 2024
Durham Law School, Palatine Centre, Durham, UK.
This article examines the evolution of bioethics over the past four decades since the publication of John Harris' seminal work, "The Value of Life" (1985). It argues that while the core principles articulated by Harris remain relevant, bioethics has undergone significant transformation across four key domains. First, the expanding frontiers of biotechnology have necessitated engagement with complex issues beyond individual clinical ethics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFull on-device manipulation of olefin metathesis for precise manufacturing.
Nat Nanotechnol
November 2024
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Olefin metathesis, as a powerful metal-catalysed carbon-carbon bond-forming method, has achieved considerable progress in recent years. However, the complexity originating from multicomponent interactions has long impeded a complete mechanistic understanding of olefin metathesis, which hampers further optimization of the reaction. Here, we clarify both productive and hidden degenerate pathways of ring-closing metathesis by focusing on one individual catalyst, using a sensitive single-molecule electrical detection platform.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnveiling tomorrow: Carbonic anhydrase activators and inhibitors pioneering new frontiers in Alzheimer's disease.
Arch Pharm (Weinheim)
January 2025
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and a principal basis of dementia in the elderly population globally. Recently, human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs, EC 4.2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPushing forward: exploring the impact of the sitting position on muscle activation patterns and force generation during paralympic sit-cross-country skiing.
Front Sports Act Living
September 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Freiburg, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- - Paralympic cross-country sit-skiing uses specialized sledges and involves athletes classified by functional abilities, employing a double poling technique to generate speed while sitting in different positions based on impairment.
- - A study analyzed muscle activation patterns in able-bodied athletes using a treadmill in three sitting positions—knee-high, knee-low, and neutral—while measuring pole forces and muscle activity through surface EMG.
- - Results indicated that muscle activation varies by individual; the knee-low position was found to be the most efficient for force application, while the next phase of research will focus on impaired athletes to deepen understanding of the poling movement's neurophysiology.
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